A thinking style characterised by inflexibility, excessive attention to detail, and fear of making mistakes.This treatment is an empirically based cognitive-interpersonal treatment, which proposes that four broad factors, linked to underlying obsessional and anxious (or avoidant) personality traits, are central to the maintenance of anorexia nervosa. The delivery of SSCM by eating disorder specialists was superior to CBT or IPT over 20 sessions over 20 weeks.ģ.The Maudsley model of anorexia nervosa treatment for adults (MANTRA) In a small RCT (n = 56), researchers compared specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM) against either CBT or interpersonal therapy (IPT). The patient determines additional therapy content. The aim is to help patients link their clinical symptoms and their abnormal eating behaviour and weight and support patients in a gradual return to normal eating behaviour and weight. Temperature 450 msec 15kg/m2 the number of sessions could be reduced to 20.In the general population, the lifetime prevalence of anorexia nervosa is around 1% in women and 20 bpm
The ever-growing fitness industry has carried the popular misconception that health equals thinness.įrom a sociological perspective, globalisation exposes more people to the societal pressures common to the Western culture emphasising female body image and thinness, acting as a risk factor for developing eating disorders. Over the past 30 years, the ideal body image has become progressively thinner. She embodied the modern ideal of beauty with her tall and very thin figure, during the second half of the 19th century, which gained popularity until the 20th century. Lord Byron promoted the new ideal of beauty as a pale, languid body, anguished and surrounded by a melancholic aura.Įmpress Elizabeth of Austria, also known as Sissy, followed strict diets and practised strenuous physical activity. Since the mid-18th century, feminine beauty’s ideal slowly switched from a rounded figure to a slim and slender appearance. The author stated that this kind of fasting was caused by an “ill and morbid state of the spirits”, indicating a psychological aetiology. In 1770, Morton published the seminal monography “Phthisiologia or a Treatise of Consumptions”, which described “nervous atrophy”, a condition of self-imposed reduction of food intake. To date, in the Western world, the sharp contrast between the wide availability of cheap, calorific, and highly palatable foods and the excessive value placed on slimness and dietary restraint, along with the daily bombardment with images of emaciated supermodels and other media images of thin role models, has meant that weight and shape concerns and dieting are the norm among young women.
This condition differs from AN in focusing on spiritual purity instead of drive for thinness and over-evaluation of body shape and body weight. Some authors named the common fasting habits reported in holy women as “holy anorexia” (also known as anorexia mirabilis). ĭuring the Middle Age (particularly from the 13th to the 16th century), there is evidence of self-induced fasting leading to premature death by starvation, such as Catherina from Siena. Saint Jerome professed the ascetic regime benefits to Roman women, to the extent that a Roman girl died of self-starvation. Self-starvation was considered a medium to reach purification. The first examples of self-starvation in Western countries arose from Gnostic philosophy and Christianity. HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE CONCEPT OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA